a b Fenner, P.; Williamson, J.; Burnett, J.; Rifkin, J. (1993). "First aid treatment of jellyfish stings in Australia. Response to a newly differentiated species". Medical Journal of Australia. 158 (7): 498–501. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb137588.x. PMID 8469205. S2CID 42453046. As a jellyfish drifts through the water, it captures the surrounding planktons in their stingers with ease. Crustaceans Piraino, S.; Boero, F.; Aeschbach, B.; Schmid, V. (1996). "Reversing the life cycle: medusae transforming into polyps and cell transdifferentiation in Turritopsis nutricula (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)". Biological Bulletin. 190 (3): 302–312. doi: 10.2307/1543022. JSTOR 1543022. PMID 29227703. S2CID 3956265.

How the Jelly Got Its Glow". American Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018 . Retrieved 11 June 2018. This article is about the aquatic animal-form. For similar animals, see gelatinous zooplankton. For other uses, see Jellyfish (disambiguation).Jellyfish are also harvested for their collagen, which is being investigated for use in a variety of applications including the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. [127] Magma jellyfish - An extremely rare kind of jellyfish made entirely of magma that gets bigger when hit, making them extremely hard to defeat. In the DS version of SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis, they are only seen in the magma stage at the Volcano of Mu. At least 10 jellyfish collectively can carry SpongeBob into the sky. SpongeBob, in particular, is extremely fond of the creatures and never tries to intentionally hurt them. Likewise, most jellyfish see SpongeBob as a friend as they comforted him when his dreams of flying were crushed and later called on his aid to stop the construction of a highway that had gone through Jellyfish Fields.

Dawson, M. N. (2003). "Macro-morphological variation among cryptic species of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)". Marine Biology. 143 (2): 369–79. doi: 10.1007/s00227-003-1070-3. S2CID 189820003. Didžiulis, Viktoras. "Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet: Craspedacusta sowerbyi" (PDF). NOBANIS. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 May 2014 . Retrieved 16 June 2016. a b c Gray GC, Martin VJ, Satterlie RA (August 2009). "Ultrastructure of the retinal synapses in cubozoans" (PDF). Biol Bull. 217 (1): 35–49. doi: 10.1086/BBLv217n1p35. PMID 19679721. S2CID 24400231. In turn, jellyfish are a significant part of other sea creatures’ diets. Sunfish and turtles, for instance, often rely on jellyfish as a food source.

Light/dark adaptation via pupillary light reflexes is an additional form of an evolutionary response to the light environment. This relates to the pupil's response to shifts between light intensity (generally from sunlight to darkness). In the process of light/dark adaptation, the upper and lower lens eyes of different box jellyfish species vary in specific function. [43] The lower lens-eyes contain pigmented photoreceptors and long pigment cells with dark pigments that migrate on light/dark adaptation, while the upper-lens eyes play a concentrated role in light direction and phototaxis given that they face upward towards the water surface (towards the sun or moon). [43] The upper lens of Ch. bronzie does not exhibit any considerable optical power while Tr. cystophora (a box jellyfish species that tends to live in mangroves) does. The ability to use light to visually guide behavior is not of as much importance to Ch. bronzie as it is to species in more obstacle-filled environments. [43] Differences in visually guided behavior serve as evidence that species that share the same number and structure of eyes can exhibit differences in how they control behavior.

Nematocysts". Jellieszone. 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015 . Retrieved 29 March 2014.Box jellyfish eyes are said to be an evolutionary/developmental model of all eyes based on their evolutionary recruitment of crystallins and Pax genes. [45] Research done on box jellyfish including Tripedalia cystophora has suggested that they possess a single Pax gene, PaxB. PaxB functions by binding to crystallin promoters and activating them. PaxB in situ hybridization resulted in PaxB expression in the lens, retina, and statocysts. [45] These results and the rejection of the prior hypothesis that Pax6 was an ancestral Pax gene in eyes has led to the conclusion that PaxB was a primordial gene in eye evolution, and that the eyes of all organisms likely share a common ancestor. [45] Yin, Steph (29 September 2017). "Who's Eating Jellyfish? Penguins, That's Who". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017 . Retrieved 4 October 2017.

Moon, Justin; Caron, Jean-Bernard; Moysiuk, Joseph (9 August 2023). "A macroscopic free-swimming medusa from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 290 (2004). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2490. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC10394413. PMID 37528711. Bigger jellyfish inheriting the ocean, study finds". msnbc.com. 15 September 2011. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 . Retrieved 3 December 2014. Daley, Jason (1 March 2017). "Take a Peek at the Mesmerizing 'Cosmic Jellyfish' ". Smithsonian . Retrieved 28 August 2018. Lynam, Christopher P.; Gibbons, Mark J.; Axelsen, Bjørn E.; etal. (11 July 2006). "Jellyfish overtake fish in a heavily fished ecosystem". Current Biology. 16 (13): R492–493. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.06.018. PMID 16824906. S2CID 62793057. Yong, Ed (6 June 2011). "Jellyfish shift ocean food webs by feeding bacteria with mucus and excrement". Discover Magazine. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018 . Retrieved 3 October 2018.Today, we’ll be diving in to answer: what do jellyfish eat? There are around 2000 known species of jellyfish on the planet. How do jellyfish reproduce? What effect does their sting have on humans? What's the difference between red and translucent jellyfish?". Scientific American. 15 October 2013. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013 . Retrieved 22 October 2013. Moreover, crochet a giant size of them also will make a best buddy friend of a toddler like the teddy bears. Crochet head, arms and tentacles separately in one or different colors and then assemble them to gain the model. Crochet a big bowl for the head and then stuff it and finish with safety eyes and felt cheeks in some cases, to gain an adorable stuffed head of the jellyfish. Explore all these Crochet Jellyfish Patterns to see a lot more unique samples to get impressed with. 1. Crochet Jellyfish Amigurumi Pattern Vinegar (3–10% aqueous acetic acid) may help with box jellyfish stings [148] [149] but not the stings of the Portuguese man o' war. [148] Clearing the area of jelly and tentacles reduces nematocyst firing. [150] Scraping the affected skin, such as with the edge of a credit card, may remove remaining nematocysts. [151] Once the skin has been cleaned of nematocysts, hydrocortisone cream applied locally reduces pain and inflammation. [152] Antihistamines may help to control itching. [151] Immunobased antivenins are used for serious box jellyfish stings. [153] [154] The ephyrae, usually only a millimeter or two across initially, swim away from the polyp and grow. Limnomedusae polyps can asexually produce a creeping frustule larval form, which crawls away before developing into another polyp. [25] A few species can produce new medusae by budding directly from the medusan stage. Some hydromedusae reproduce by fission. [68] Lifespan