If parents choose between educating their daughters and helping with the household chores, parents will choose the latter. There is an acute problem in Somalia that soon girls will stop visiting schools at all. Although the goal for HPV vaccination coverage was set at 70 % [ 4], less than half of invited girls born between 1993–1996 (45 %) showed up to receive all three injections during the campaign of 2009, when the vaccination program started [ 2]. Also in 2013, the vaccination coverage remained low: slightly more than half of the girls born in 1997 (56 %) and 1998 (58 %) received the three injections [ 5]. Natural groups” refers to groups consisting of people who know each other already from other situations, such as sports teams, work, or women’s support groups. Researching with these groups maximizes the interaction between participants, and between participants and the facilitator. It provides access to a shared group culture [ 14]. In this case, the women gathered regularly to discuss issues that were important to them. With the support of the chair of a Somali women’s organization and a Community Health Service (CHS) educator, natural group discussions were facilitated.

Dream Singles – a popular dating portal that provides with the possibility to find women from all parts of the globe, Slavic brides, in particular As it was already mentioned, a woman in Somalia has no rights. Parents may sell their daughter to bandits or marry her off in exchange for water or food, so the number of unions increases dramatically during a drought. Almost half of Somali women married before the age of 18. We do not understand the situation of this country. We do not understand what is written in Dutch in the letter. So you ask other people: ‘Did you get the letter on the vaccination of your child?’ (…) How you will understand the information depends on the person who explains it. [A mother in group discussion] Van Nes F, Abma T, Jonsson H, Deeg D. Language differences in qualitative research: Is meaning lost in translation? Eur J Ageing. 2010;7(4):313–6.Second, in a few cases, a participant’s friend was present during an interview and some interviews were held in public spaces, which may have influenced the responses to some questions. Third, group discussions and interviews with Somali mothers were conducted in Somali. Meanings of some responses by participants may have inadvertently changed during translation, which could affect the validity of this study [ 38]. Fourth, some mothers have declined audio-recording, and nuances may have been lost because the information gathered from them is based on extended field reports. Rondy M, Van Lier A, Van de Kassteele J, Rust L, De Melker H. Determinants for HPV vaccine uptake in the Netherlands: A multilevel study. Vaccine. 2010;28(9):2070–5.

It becomes apparent in this interview that the girl fears that the HPV vaccination campaign normalizes sex at a young age. This is related to young Somali women’s doubts about the vaccination age. However, while they consider the age of 12 too early for girls to be confronted with sex talk, they also see the potential benefits of being prevented from acquiring HPV. The HPV vaccination is also considered as positive, as it protects women from cervical cancer and is considered as similar to other childhood vaccinations. The HPV vaccination is not seen as a measure to prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Aside from this, the HPV vaccine is often assumed to be mandated. Since 2009, prevention of cervical cancer in the Netherlands consists of two measures: first, the Papanicolaou Screening (Pap smear), for which all women aged 30 to 60 years receive an invitation every 5 years, is free of charge [ 1]. The second measure - the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination - was introduced in 2009, after the bivalent vaccine (Cervarix) targeting HPV 16 and 18 became available [ 2]. Since there is a risk of contracting HPV from the first time of intercourse [ 3], the HPV vaccination program, which is managed by the Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb) and is only free of charge for 12-year old girls [ 2], ensures that most girls can be vaccinated before they become sexually active [ 4]. Participation in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and Papanicolaou Screening (Pap smears) is low among ethnic minorities in the Netherlands and hardly any information is available about the cervical cancer prevention methods of Somali women living in the diaspora. This qualitative study, based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) and an intersectionality-based framework, explores the perceptions of Somali women living in the Netherlands regarding measures to prevent cervical cancer. Methods This [HPV vaccination] is a study. They [the government] want to know who will be the victims in the future. [N2 (Somali mother)] Kadra Ahmed Omar is an Ethiopian mannequin of Somali descent. This Somali sexy girl was working with modeling agencies and designers from all over the world. Kadra represented Heffner Management and Elite Model Management, Toronto agencies. She appeared in the 2000 Sports Illustrated Swimsuits. Cici AliRahma Mohamed (born in 1990) is a Somali model. Rahma was working for such famous model agencies as Next Model Management (Paris), Models 1, MD Management, Just WM. Mistakes When Dating Sexy Somali Girls Online However, some participants anticipate difficulties with testing and vaccinating Somali men for HPV. Participants have mentioned that Somali men may assume that their partners do not trust them and feel offended.