A biophilic landscape design in Shanghai, China By Kyle Saylor Hopkins B. S ., The Ohio State University, 2009 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirements f or the de. (2014).

Perrings, C., Duraiappah, A., Larigauderie, A. & Mooney, H. The biodiversity and ecosystem services science-policy interface. Science 331, 1139–1140 (2011). Soderlund, J., Newman, P. (2015). Biophilic architecture: a review of the rationale and outcomes. AIMS Environ Sci. 2(4):950–969 IPCC Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report (eds Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R. K. & Meyer L. A.) (IPCC, 2015). In this study, the concept of biophilic design was further investigated and studied, concerning its positive contribution to health and well-being. Based on profound theoretical and analytical studies, the principles of biophilic landscape design patterns were concluded. Furthermore, the efficiency of the concluded patterns was tested in a practical case study in the Egyptian urban context. Sustainable landscape, biophilia, and biophilic design Latour, B. Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy (Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2004).

Topics in Psychology

IPCC Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (eds Parry, M. L. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007). Oliver, H., Victoria, J., & Eden, G. (2018). Creating positive spaces using biophilic design. https://globalwellnessinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/biophilicdesignguide-en.pdf. Chang P. J., Bae, S. (2017). Positive emotional effects of leisure in green spaces in alleviating workefamily spillover in working mothers. Int J Environ Res Publ Health 14:757 Taste remains highly neglected in the context of nature experiences, and some interesting research avenues might include clinical studies on the emotional effects of eating processed versus natural foods, ability to distinguish between processed and natural food, and cognitive effects of diet.

Speth, J. G. The Bridge at the End of the World: Capitalism, the Environment, and Crossing from Crisis to Sustainability (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, 2008). Duzenli T, Tarakci Eren E, Akyol D (2017) Concept of sustainability and biophilic design in landscape architecture. J Acad Soc Sci 5(June):43–49Tuan, Y.-F. Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience (Univ. Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2001).

Negative air ions, on the other hand, increase thermal comfort and alertness, and decrease stuffiness, nausea, dizziness, and incidence of headaches by 50% in office workers [ 264]. After exercise, negative air ions decrease serum serotonin [ 283], and during stress, they decrease immunoreactivity, as well as state-trait anxiety inventory scores and correlate with a slight increase in performance on a word processing task [ 260]. In addition to a certain proportion of the population being more sensitive to air ions, those under stress or with ailments are also more responsive [ 284, 285], and people with a lower autonomic lability score (more responsive to stress) show a higher response to air ions [ 286].Basso, K. H. Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language Among the Western Apache (Univ. New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1996). Biophilic design can incorporate nature into our environment and designs places of inspiration and regeneration that bind humans with their environment. Although it is hard to find a space that can accommodate all biophilic design elements, many contributory elements can enhance the space and well-being. It is more than just adding a plant or two to the space! [ 10]. A positive effect can be generated by filtered sunlight, planting, green walls, water features, natural textures and materials, and views of nature. If simply looking at nature can inspire you, imagine how living in an environment integrated with elements from nature can do? As a result, an important question comes up “Could we use the biophilic design patterns to increase the landscape efficiency?” And if so, how could it be implemented in existing landscapes to set up a sustainable approach in the Egyptian cases. Good biophilic design is usually drawn based on the user’s influential perspectives which can be impacted by health conditions, sociocultural norms, past experiences, and frequency and duration of experience are some of the most common examples [ 10]. The time has come to think of making this material available in a more widely sharable form. The issues are not by any means wrapped up and settled. Nonetheless, there are at least two compelling reasons for taking this step. The first is that these many nature-related and nature-influencing activities - designing, planning, managing, interpreting - are going on right now, often based on little theory and even less data. Compared to the wellintended but often severely limited intuitive bases for decision making currently being employed, the results of these years of research and theory could make a positive contribution. Second, we feel the outlines of what is known and what needs to be known have become clear enough that it is time to invite others to join the fun, to participate in the process themselves.

Park, J., Conca, K. & Finger, M. The Crisis of Global Environmental Governance: Towards a New Political Economy of Sustainability (Routledge, London, 2008). Human-animal interactions activate the oxytocinergic system, resulting in decreased social stress and endocrinological, psychophysiological, and psychosocial effects [ 229]. Oxytocin is produced by stroking [ 230, 231], and an increase in plasma oxytocin was found in humans after 5–24 min of petting [ 232, 233]. Oxytocin is found to increase social interaction [ 234], decrease stress [ 235, 236, 237], lower pain thresholds, produce anti-inflammatory effects [ 238, 239], lower anxiety [ 240], and increase the function of the parasympathetic nervous system, resulting in increased digestive function [ 241, 242]. Oxytocin may therefore be an important factor in the nature benefits received from touch. We define nature in a broad sense as “the phenomena of the physical world collectively, including plants, animals, the landscape, and other features and products of the earth, as opposed to humans or human creations” [ 15]. We consider nature to include phenomena as varied as landscapes, microorganisms, and pets, and we also include nature simulations. We consider health as “the state of being free from illness or injury”, and as a statement about one’s mental or physical condition [ 15]. Finally, we define wellbeing as “the state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy” [ 15], and including self-acceptance, personal growth, purpose in life, environmental mastery, autonomy, and positive relations with others [ 16]. It further includes the important domains of mental well-being, social well-being, physical well-being, spiritual well-being, activities and functioning, and personal circumstances [ 17]. Therefore wellbeing is a very broad category encompassing concepts as varied as “freedom from noise” and “memory recall”.Evidence of the impact of biophilia on health was shown mainly in three mind-body systems: cognitive, psychological, and physiological systems; the impact on these systems was tested and explored in various ways to understand how the environment could impact a user’s health and well-being [ 10]. The results showed how each pattern can affect three main categories: stress reduction, cognitive performance, and emotion, mood, and preference. All patterns had an impact on at least one category but most of them impacted two to three categories. Framework of biophilic design patterns