Alternatively, AMPs could act as new topical antibiotic modulators of cutaneous microbiota and innate immunity [ 57]. The AMP pheromone, plantaricin A, increases the antioxidant defenses of human keratinocytes and modulates expression of filaggrin, involucrin, β-defensin and TNF-α genes in vitro [ 58]. Indeed, in addition to their antimicrobial activity, AMPs synthesized by mammals also regulate physiological functions such as inflammation, angiogenesis and wound healing. They are abundant in mammalian skin, and alterations in their levels of synthesis were recently shown to play a role in skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and rosacea [ 57]. Exfoliating refers to removing the top layer of dead skin cells, dirt, and oil from the surface of your skin. There’s a whole host of benefits associated with exfoliating, like preventing blemishes, keeping your skin texture smooth and even, and giving you an amazing glow. CAN I USE IT DURING THE DAY?We usually recommend this for PM use only – this is due to it being unlikely to layer well with your following products used in the AM. However, if you would prefer to use this in the AM, allow 30 minutes for this to absorb and follow with your moisturiser and SPF. Both brands have lots of products, and many of them work well on my skin. They’re both also really budget friendly, and it’s hard to hate brands that are making skin care more financially accessible! Both brands are also quite science-focused in their marketing. They put their ingredient names front and center and i think that’s gone a long way towards making everyone more comfortable with using synthetic chemicals that they might not be able to pronounce very easily they have sort of scary-ish names the whole natural is better don’t use ingredients you can’t pronounce thing i think really took a blow thanks to these brands

The list of holy-grail trending skincare ingredients is seemingly endless, with new entries constantly finding their way into new products. Topical retinoids work by removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin (exfoliating), which helps prevent them building up within hair follicles. I wouldn’t be anywhere near as annoyed if Inkey just changed the product name and marketing so that salicylic acid was less of an afterthought. Let’s say they called it the Triple threat Acne Treatment with salicylic acid, succinic acid and sulfur. Not all of their products have a single ingredient in the name so why didn’t they do that? Succinic acid is always talked about like it’s the top active ingredient that’s treating the acne, and not the actual active ingredient. It’s called the “lead ingredient”, salicylic acid is “supporting”. Succinic acid in the media To grab the most of succinic acid’s exfoliating properties, a cleanser is your best option. And of course, you know Rael has you covered. Get RaelConversely, C. acnes, resident in the pilosebaceous follicles, inhibits development of S. epidermidis by maintaining the acidic pH of the pilosebaceous follicle, hydrolyzing sebum triglycerides, and secreting propionic acid [ 4, 29]. As shown by Wang et al., incubation of C. acnes in a pH 5.5 buffer did not alter its survival [ 29]. You may be recommended to have photodynamic therapy, where light is applied to the skin in an attempt to improve symptoms of acne. Commonly used in the food and drink industry as an acidity regulator, succinic acid is also used in the pharmaceutical industry to control acidity or as a counter ion. Some food sources already have succinic acid in them, including the likes of broccoli and rhubarb – and have been hailed for their benefits. How to use succinic acid for skin That analogy actually doesn’t work that well, because at least zinc oxide is an actual approved sunscreen filter… so instead, let’s use raspberry oil as our example. There are lots of people who genuinely think that raspberry oil is a good sunscreen, because in one in vitro study with a non-standard protocol, it came out with an SPF of 28 to 50. (To be fair, the study itself was fine, but the way it was worded could definitely lead casual readers to think that the sun protection could be directly translated to how it works on skin – one of the downsides to “doing your own research”.)

And you can see that this marketing is working really well. If you look at articles in the beauty media, succinic acid is “the acne ingredient you should be using”. But succinic acid is not an acne ingredient. This specific product is an acne treatment (because it has salicylic acid in a quantity that’s recognised as therapeutic), but that doesn’t mean all of the ingredients in it are acne ingredients. They don’t meet the level of evidence for that. That’s why they’re listed in the bottom box, with the label “inactive ingredients”. Glycolic acid and lactic acid are the two alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) that often appear in OTC acne treatments. Better known as anti-ageing ingredients, they’re also effective for treating acne because they stimulate cell turnover in the top layers of your skin. “These acids can help treat acne by reducing inflammation and clearing away dead skin cells,” says Hussain Abdeh. “Furthermore, they promote new skin growth. This helps to create fresh, smooth skin to improve its overall appearance, also reducing any acne scarring.”

THE DOUBLE CLEANSE

Where will you find succinic acid? Look for it in facial serums intended to prevent wrinkles, acne treatments and some masks or lotions. What Is Succinic Acid?

Succinic acid works best in cleansers and serums. Succinic acid’s molecular structure is really small, and it’s easy for it to penetrate your skin. For skin that is seriously clarified, smooth, ultra-hydrated, and glowing, grab our Miracle Clear Exfoliating Cleanser, and don’t forget about the rest of our clean, cruelty-free skincare . Designed to naturally keep your skin balanced and beautiful, you can trust our skincare to leave your skin looking radiant without the use of chemicals that could harm you or the environment. IS THIS PRODUCT PREGNANCY SAFE? We do not recommend this product if pregnant or breastfeeding, consult your doctor before use. Our PHA Toneris a great alternative. Your guide to pregnancy safe skincare > Yes, you can use succinic acid with retinol if you want to help improve the skin’s tone and texture as well as combat blemishes. So theSuccinic Acid Acne Treatment is an over-the-counter drug, just like sunscreen. You don’t need a prescription to buy it ,but it has a special status, because it contains an ingredient that’s been scientifically vetted to work against acne. And that ingredient is…The product is the perfect formula to apply to blemishes to clear and reduce inflammation, in a non-drying cream texture. Succinic Acid Treatment also works to prevent clogged pores, which means skin becomes less blemish-prone in the long-run. For an overnight treatment, try our C-50 Blemish Night Treatment that targets breakouts, unclogs pores and reduces the appearance of redness by morning. HOW TO USE: Can be applied directly to spots up to three times per day. Apply after cleansing/hydrating with Hyaluronic Acid Serum. Isotretinoin is a treatment for severe acne that comes in capsules. It has a number of beneficial effects: Cell hyperproliferation prevention: Succinate has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation stimulating mitochondrial respiration (7). This ability may be useful in the prevention of hyperproliferation at skin level, e.g., in psoriasis or hyperkeratosis prevention.